Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of marine sponge-derived fungal extracts isolated from Dactylospongia sp.

This study is the first report on the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of fungal extracts isolated from marinesponge Dactylospongia sp., which is collected from Mandeh Island, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The isolation of fungalwas conducted using dilution method with Sabouraud Dextrose Agar + chloramphenicol (0.05%) as a medium. Thepure isolated fungal was cultivated on rice medium at temperature 25°C–27°C and then extracted using ethyl acetatesolvent. The ethyl acetate extract of each isolated fungal was tested for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Ninefungal strains have been isolated from this sponge. Two ethyl acetate extracts of fungal strains (Dc03 and Dc04) werecategorized as having strong inhibition against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, methicillinresistant S. aureus, and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a concentration of 5% with zone inhibitionin range of 12.31 ± 0.54–16.14 ± 0.75 mm. The cytotoxic activity screening of the ethyl acetate extracts of fungalstrains was done by using the brine shrimp lethality test. Four fungal strains had LC50 below 80 µg/ml (Dc03, Dc04,Dc05, and Dc08) and were further tested with MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide)assay on T47D cell line. These selected fungi were identified molecularly as Cladosporium halotolerans MN859971,Penicillium citrinum MN859968, Aspergillus versicolor MN859970, and Aspergillus sydowii MN859969, respectively.The results suggest that these fungal strains are quite rich in the production of bioactive compounds that are veryeffective as antibacterial and cytotoxic agents

Screening of cytotoxic activities toward WiDr and Vero cell lines of ethyl acetate extracts of fungi-derived from the marine sponge Acanthostrongylophora ingens

Ethyl acetate extracts of fungi-derived from the marine sponge Acanthostrongylophora ingens were tested forcytotoxic activity against WiDr and Vero cell lines. Three of fungi extracts exhibited strong cytotoxicity with percentageof viability (≤50%) occurring at concentrations of 100 µg/ml. One isolate (IB141) showed specific cytotoxicityagainst WiDr cells whreas not against Vero cells. This isolate was identified based on molecular characterizationusing sequence analysis of the partial 18S rRNA gene. The result indicated that IB141 was identical to Aspergillusochraceus. A comparatively high part of positive bio-activity screening results were acquired in this study, displayingthat the fungi-derived from the marine sponge A. ingens have potential as a source of new anti-cancer agents.